DEA 3510 Practice Preliminary 2

Please circle your answers where appropriate.  

1. Name the 4 main vertebral regions of the spine. (20 points)
a.____________
b.____________
c.____________
d.____________

2. Name the two postural descriptions for the lower back when we sit (spine arches inward) and when we bend (spine arches outward)? (10 points)
a. when we sit the lower back is in ____________
b. when we bend the lower back is in _____________

3. Which of the following statements about hand tool design is TRUE? (5 points)
a. handles should be designed only for bare hand operation
b. handles should be contoured to minimize finger grip
c. handles should be designed to optimize the strength of the required grip
d. handles should be located below a line passing through the horizontal center of gravity

4. Name 4 types of grasp. (20 points)
a.____________
b.____________
c.____________
d.____________

5. In an Evening-Type person, about when is body temperature at its maximum? (5 points)
a. 7:00 pm
b. 8:00 pm
c. 9:00 pm
d. 10:00 pm  

6. Which of the following statements about manual handling injuries is TRUE? (5 points)
a. 18% of accidents in industry involve manual materials handling work
b. 73% of injuries involve the shoulders, arms or abdomen
c. 27% of those in heavy jobs report back pain
d. 50% of back injuries occur without warning

7. Which of the following statements about the ergonomic design of seating is TRUE? (5 points)
a. the seat back should be upright at all times
b. the seat back should provide lumbar support
c. the seat should always have firm armrests
d. the seat pan height should always be longer than the popliteal height

8. Name the two types of bones in the body. (10 points)
a. ______________________
b. ______________________

9. Vibration syndrome characterized by 4 progressive stages of symptoms. Name two stages in their correct sequence. (10 points)
a. _____________________
b. _____________________ 

10. What is the optimum range for the angle between the seat pan and the seat back? (5 points)
a. 90-100°
b. 100-105°
c. 110-125°
d. 95-105°

11. Which of the following connect bone to bone in the human musculoskeletal system? (5 points)
a. ligaments
b. tendons
c. cartilage
d. joints

12. What work-related activities are most frequently associated with the development of low back pain? (5 points)
a. carrying objects
b. lowering objects
c. lifting objects
d. pulling or pushing objects

13. Which of the following is FALSE? (5 points)
a. the incidence of back injury is higher for people 20-50 years old
b. the incidence of back injury is higher for people who frequently lift heavy objects
c. exercising the abdominal muscles increases the risk of back injury
d. lifting loads weighing 100 lbs or more increases risk of back injury

14. What are the two types of muscle contraction called? (10 points)
a. _____________________
b. _____________________ 

15. When an ergonomist studies how to improve a job, what is the smallest unit of analysis which is used? (5 points)
a. Recovery Cycle
b. Rest break
c. Task
d. Work pattern

16. Name four types of connective tissue in the human body. (15 points)
a. _____________________
b. _____________________ 
c. _____________________
d. _____________________ 

17. When muscles begin working the deplete their store of what chemical? (5 points)
a. hemoglobin
c. lactic acid
b. prostaglandin
d. myoglobin

18. Name three important considerations in hand tool design? (20 points)
a. _____________________
b. _____________________ 
c. _____________________

19. Under optimum conditions about how efficiently can people work? (5 points)
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 40%

20. Muscles often are arranged in two opposing groups around joints. What do we call each of these types of muscle groups? (10 points)
a. _____________________
b. _____________________ 

21. Which occupation has the highest risk of back injuries? (5 points)
a. construction
b. clerical
c. electrical
d. nursing

22. Name two risk factors for developing a cumulative trauma disorder? (10 points)
a. _____________________
b. _____________________ 

23. Which of the following is true? (5 points)
a. carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the median nerve
b. carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the brachial artery
c. carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the ulnar nerve
d. carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on the extensor tendons

24. Label the hand positions shown in the diagram. (30 points)

25. Which of the following ways of carrying a load requires LEAST oxygen? (5 points)
a. carry on head
b. carry in rucksack
c. carry in hands
d. carry as double pack

26. Which of the following statements is TRUE? (5 points)
a. muscle strength decreases rapidly after 90 seconds of static contraction
b. muscle strength decreases rapidly after 60 seconds of static contraction
c. muscle strength decreases rapidly after 30 seconds of static contraction
d. muscle strength decreases rapidly immediately after the onset of static contraction

27. Name 2 ways in which job redesign can be used to reduce the risks of Manual Materials Handling injuries? (10 points)
a. _____________________
b. _____________________ 

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